How to Remove Rust From Bolts and Screws!

Are you stuck in rusted bolts and screws and have tried all your strength to open it up but failed in every attempt? Don't worry, this is a very common story and almost everyone has been across such a situation at some point of time in his or her life.

Especially if those bolts and screws are left open in moisture for long, they will grow rust very soon. And once they get rusted it is often very tough to unscrew if not impossible. For example screws and bolts in car parts, boats or even lawn mowers often get rusted as they are almost always open to moisture. And the biggest problem is, it is tough to keep them away from moisture. The problem becomes more intense once rust gets into the threads or when rust eats up the metal head of the screw making it difficult to grip with a screwdriver.

Sometimes you can just throw away those rusted screws and blots but in many cases you need to restore the existing one as it is impossible to find a replacement for a lot of screws in local hardware stores. In these situations it becomes crucial that you can clean up those screws and bolts properly so that you can reuse them after cleaning.

People try different things in similar situation to remove rust and open those screws and other metal bodies. Some of them are effective and some of them do not have any proven record. Here are some common ways that people use to effectively remove rust:

The most common solution is using penetrating oil bought from local hardware store. All you need to do in this situation is to pore a few drops of penetration oil on the screw, keep things as it is for a few moments and than use screwdriver to open it. If necessary you may even need to use a narrow chisel and a hammer to move the rusted screw inside. If the condition is too poor, you may even need to leave those screws in penetration oil overnight - it should loosen up by the morning. Though this is a heavily used process to remove rust, it is not very effective.

Some people prefer using hydrogen peroxide on rusted screws and bolts. They pour some hydrogen peroxide on the screws and bolts and leave them as it is. After a while you would need to use a hard brush and clean the rust from the screw. You may also need to use some oil after cleaning the rust on it so that the screw comes out easily. It is always better to avoid Hydrogen peroxide as it often leaves some residual elements on the spot.

Another common and effective solution is using rust cleaner. You would easily find a lot of good quality rust removers in some local stores or you can even order them online. Good quality rust cleaners do not require scrubbing and brushing - all you need to do is to dip the rusted metal into the cleaner. However, it is always recommended to buy some organic rust cleaners so that you can use in for other things too.

If you want to do that in harder way, try using some fine grade sand paper and sand out all rust from the screws and bolts. However, do not forget to use some lubricant before reusing them.

There are lots of other ways people employ to remove rust from metal items. All you need to do is to find out the best solution to your problem. Whatever process you select, make sure that it is effective to remove rust from metal items of any kind so that you can use it in different ways.

People try different rust removers to remove rust from metal [http://www.moldinspectioncompanies.org/secrets-to-rust-removal-with-no-scrubbing] - what is your way?

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How To Install Locksets And Dead Bolts Like A Pro

There are age long secrets to successfully doing it yourself. One of the secrets is knowing the right tool for the job. Another secret is knowing how to do it. All of a sudden, you find yourself tackling projects you use to pay someone else to do. For instance, for installing lockset and dead bolt, you will need the following: masking tape; a hammer; tape measure; flat- head screwdriver; a 1- inch spade bit; pilot drill bits for all screws; a power drill; and a 2 1/8- inch hole screw.

After you have gotten the right tools, it is time to start work. Plan to spend about one hour to complete the installation. Follow this step- by- step guide and you will know how to install locksets and dead bolts like a pro.

Step 1. Position The Template: Most doorknobs are 34 to 38 inches high, with dead bolts 6 to 12 inches above that. Decide for yourself what height is preferable. When drilling new holes, tape the producer's template in place with the lockset centerline at the desired height. Determine the backset - the distance from the door edge to the centerline - and use the corresponding template marks. The backset can be 2 3/8 or 2 3/4 inches; many locksets accommodate both. Then drill 1/8- inch pilot hole through the door edge, use the template to drill a 2- inch- deep pilot holes through the door to center of the 2 1/8- inch hole saw. At the door edge, use the template to drill a 2- inch deep hole for the strike or bolt.

Step 2. Drill The Door Face And Mark The Jamb: Using drill with a bubble level or a torpedo level taped on top, drill halfway through the door from each side with the hole saw to prevent blowout sintering. Then mark the doorjamb for the strike plate by closing the door, inserting a nail from inside of the 2 1/8 inch hole through the strike pilot hole and pushing it into the jamb.

Step 3. Drill The Jamb And Door Edge: With the nail mark as an indicator, drill a 5/8- inch- deep hole for the strike or a 1- inch spade bit. In the door edge, use the pilot hole to guide a 1- inch spade and drill through to the large hole where the cylinder will sit.

Step 4. Chisel The Jamb And Door Edge: Hold the latchet assembly up to the door edge and score its outline deeply with utility knife. Do the same for the strike plate on the doorjamb. then score the wood to be removed at 1/4- inch intervals with a chisel, removing enough wood so the strike box sits flush with the door edge and the strike plate sits flush with the doorjamb.

Callistus Amadi is a home improvement consultant. He provides do-it-yourself home improvement tips at [http://diyhomeimprovementtips.com/]

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Restoring Your Car Bodywork After a Crash - Nuts and Bolts and Collision Repair

Torque spec comes into play after a fastener has been chosen. Bolt torquing is very important. When you thread and tighten a bolt the melt stretches a little, but the metal doesn't want to be stretched so it resists the stretches and this is where you get the holding power from. This is why when you over tighten it can't hold the load because it can't return to its normal shape. Further to this in time the bolt continues to stretch and will end up snapping.

Torque-to-Yield Bolts

A torque to yield fastener is a one-time use that is based on this torque principal we just talked about. The torque spec usually have a 25% safety feature giving you a 25 per cent over tightening leniency. The torque to yield bolts don't have this safety buffer. They are not meant to stretch the metal. This may sound like a disadvantage but it's not really. They are extremely strong as they afford the whole 100% of their strength whereas the basic bolt only gives you about 75%.The one disadvantage they do have though is they can only be used once. So if you remove them you have to replace them with a TTY (torque to yield) bold. You are going to end up with 25% less strength with the basic fastener.

The TTY are used in many cases so it's important for the technician to be aware of this during the estimation process of the procedure.

Tightening Sequence

A tightening sequence can also be specified in conjunction with torque specs. A crises cross pattern is use to install wheels and now some installation patterns are being suggested for body panel fasteners. There is a certain amount of expanding and contracting during temperature fluctuations with composite panels. This means the fasteners have to adjust to these changes and must be designed to allow for this.

Shop Tips

Whenever possible replace the fastener with the same type as the one your remove. Check the manual however to ensure it is the correct part and you are doing the proper procedure. Every part is specific because there is a reason for it.

Keeping track of what you are removing is important and time saving so tossing them in a pile is not the answer. Just use some small plastic bags, put them in and then mark what they are on the outside of the bag.

If you do not have a manual, you can ask a dealership to show you their service manual.

Use all the parts that come with your replacement parts.

If you are not sure about the label, compare height, thread pitch and diameter to the new piece and this will help you choose the right replacement fastener.

Make sure to use coated materials to prevent corrosion. A classic example of making this mistake is using a non-coated steel boat with an aluminum panel. If the coated items you require are not available then use a plastic or fiber gasket, a washer or even a layer of paint to produce a barrier between the materials.

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Locks, Bolts and Keys For Your Home

Most security experts agree that a single outer door lock will not provide adequate protection. For example, any tumbler-type lock with an opening for a key also provides an opening large enough for the lock to be picked. Thus, a combination of two different types of locks are recommended. Here are the most common types of locks used in the home:

Spring Latch Locks: A popular and convenient lock that snaps closed whenever the beveled latch seats into a striker plate is the spring-latch lock. However, this lock can be easily forced by inserting through the door frame a thin blade or stiff plastic between the latch and the strike plate. Thus, a spring lock should always be augmented by a second lock of a different type.

Dead Bolt Locks: The dead bolt lock features a solid, rectangular latch that forms a bolt between the door frame and the door itself. This lock is difficult to force or jimmy and is a good choice as an auxiliary to any other key lock. It's available for either key operation or manual interior knob.

Barrel-Type Bolt: A barrel-type bolt serves the same function as the dead-bolt lock but is restricted to manual, interior operation only. It may be used with an inxpensive night-latch, and it is difficult to force if it's well made and installed properly.

Chain Locks: Used as a supplementary interior lock, the welded chain offers a valuable security feature. It permits the user to open a door partially to exchange letters, messages, or small parcels without completely unlocking the door. For proper mounting, the slide should be installed just above and slanting toward the chain.

Remember, if you have taken possession of a new home or apartment, you should immediately change the pin-tumbler locks on all exterior doors. A registered locksmith can usually alter the previous combination.

M Adley has over 10 years experience in the home security industry, and is webmaster at http://www.alarmsystemreviews.com an unbiased resource for reviews and information about home security systems and monitoring.

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Setting Anchor Bolts

Being a steel erector each day can have its pros and cons. For the most part, each erector experiences many of the same issues over and over again. One of those issues is setting the low anchor bolts correctly. Here is some information about setting low anchor bolts the correct and incorrect way.

There are many steel erectors each day constructing very similar structures. Those structures usually have problems that occur with many other projects the steel erector is working on. One of the problems that continually occurs is setting the anchor bolts.

These bolts can sometimes be tricky to deal with. Many times these bolts are set with their tops lower than the elevation they are supposed to be set at. Or the top of the bolt can extend the base plate and not allow full thread for the nut. This can certainly make it difficult, but as you gain more experience you will become better at dealing with these types of bolts.

When the anchor bolt is set low, many steel erectors call that, "short anchor bolts." The best way of resolving it is by making the bolt longer. Now, you might ask, "how do I make it longer?" Well, the best way of extending the bolt is to thread couplers and weld extensions to the bolt.

Remember that anytime you are doing a correction you do need to consult with the structural designer. Consulting with the designer will help you make sure everything is done according to the designer's special procedures so it is advised that you do consult the structural engineer.

(http://www.spe-wi.com/) provides Wisconsin steel erectors, reinforcing steel placement and precast concrete erecting services for a wide variety of customers.

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Getting Down To The Nuts And Bolts Of Creative Living

When you envisage the creative life as a free spirited existence, full of imaginative productivity and inspiration, it's a pretty seductive proposition. But it's a little more complex than that.

The reason is that there are many more ingredients that you need to add to the mix before your creative life can come to productive fruition. The freedom of the creative life goes hand in hand with the commitment to a creative practice. This is the creativity paradox. Ask any successful artist, writer or musician about their success and they will tell you their tale of long practice hours, hard work, strength of will and dedication. They'll tell you, too, about how they're always learning, always striving to improve, seeking and trying out new techniques and fine tuning the old ones. They'll confirm to you what Thomas Edison so famously proclaimed in the early 1900's: "None of my inventions came by accident... I make trial after trial until it comes. What it boils down to is one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent perspiration."

Just because the nuts and bolts of a creative practice involve hard work and commitment, it doesn't mean that the process can't be enjoyable. In fact what better work to dedicate yourself to than that which is fired by your creative imagination? You're far more likely to succeed in an endeavor that excites your interests and aptitudes than in one which leaves you cold. And the true beauty of the creative process is that the work you undertake can transport you into the freedom of the flow experience. Those times when you're utterly absorbed in your activity and completely unaware of the time passing or of your surroundings, those are the times when you're in flow. A sublime state. Do you already know which nut and bolt activities allow you to access flow?

In his book 'The Art Of Creative Living', Thomas Kinkade, the well known and commercially successful American painter writes about what he calls basket-weaving, describing this process as 'the plodding exercise of hard-won skills through diligent effort.' He explains that the process of creating a high quality basket involves both creative plans for the design and well practised weaving skills. These alone are not enough, though, because to bring the basket to fruition, you also have to 'engage in the repetitive, sometimes tedious act of weaving the final product.' He points out that if you don't undertake the weaving phase, your initial ideas and skills are meaningless.

Do you have a notion of which nuts and bolts your particular art demands of you, and which will support your desire for a creatively productive life? Cashew or pistachio? And do you know which practices come easiest to you and which you need to work at next? Does your overall creative aim keep you motivated to roll your sleeves up and get right in amongst those nuts and bolts?

Your greatest leaps in progress are most likely to come through working on your detail. If you keep your gaze steadfastly on the big picture without focusing in on those nuts and bolts, the big picture is unlikely to progress far. But by getting down to the nitty gritty, it will develop piece by wonderful piece. As will you.

Mary McNeil is an experienced life coach, working with artists, writers and musicians. She specializes in coaching and supporting her creative clients as they make creative living a practical and sustainable reality. To find out more, go to www.Create-a-Space.co.uk

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The Nuts And Bolts Of Credit Cards

How do rewards work?

Pre paid debit cards offer many rewards packages. They get added up in the form of points system when the customer uses the card with the money loaded on to it.

For every fixed amount of money spent, there are awards associated which are redeemable for various things such as ring tones, music, calling cards etc. Also when one refers the card to a person and he applies for it by quoting the reference, he gets a referral award.

These are a good option for people with bad credit even though the rewards awarded are not as lucrative.

The advantages of carrying plastic

There are a number of advantages of carrying plastic. One, it gives one spending power as he is not limited to the amount of cash he is carrying at that point of time. Secondly, carrying a plastic card is much more convenient that carrying wads of notes and coins. Thirdly, it is a much safer option considering the high crime rates these days. Also issuers offer many perks. For example, in the case of cards with rewards, one gets points with every purchase amount depending upon the amount spent. These points can later be redeemed for free air tickets, free hotel stays, gasoline etc.

Learn about hijacking

When a person's card is being used by an unauthorized person to buy goods and services, it is termed as hijacking. Since the owner doesn't usually find out this illegitimate use immediately, one faces trouble reasserting control over the card.

One must therefore always keep a track of purchases and their billing accounts so that one can find out about any fraudulent transactions. There are mainly two main forms of card hijacking- one being of the type when the perpetrator assumes the identity of the card holder and he hacks an existing account and instead creates new accounts in his name.

What are open system prepaids?

Open system prepaid cards are also known as pre paid debit cards. There is no value that is physically stored.

Rather, there is a central database where the balance is recorded. The number is a unique identifier for each record in the database. They do not require a checking account.

They are also being referred to as teen cards which parents view as a safe and responsible means for parents to give to their children as spending power. They are also marketed in some countries as a budgeting aid and a convenience tool.

How many should you carry?

People often ask how many should one carry.

The answer to that would be that there should be at least two, one for moderation and one for emergency purposes. This helps one to avoid high interest expenses on purchases made with those cards. The cards with the most favorable interest rates should be selected and should be kept in handy.

It is seen that having too many cards leads to a tendency to overspend. Having many cards is okay for someone who has a good self control. Store specific credit cards often offer discounts and gifts to frequent customers.

Credit cards are serious business. Make sure to get the best deals. Visit Macquarie and NAB Visa Mini Credit Card on CreditCardOffers.com.au

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Graphite Low Friction Coatings - Lubrication For Fasteners, Nuts and Bolts

Graphite low friction coatings for fasteners, nuts and bolts? The answer is yes. And for a number of reasons.

Begin with installation. Did you know most applied torque goes into overcoming friction? That is right. In the absence of lubrication, clamping pressures can be lost, measurably. Not to mention the difficulty in installation. Or the potential damaging torque applied. All of which can initiate issues such as loosening, galling or early wear, or something catastrophic, like bolt shearing.

Is it the fault of the fastener? Not necessarily. So, the next time you consider changing to a more expensive fastener grade, consider lubrication instead. Friction will be lower, as will be torsional stress.

Dry film lubricants like graphite can play a significant role when vibrations are strong, dynamic loads are high. Without, friction will be higher, failure imminent.

Consider microscopic movement under these "oscillating" conditions. More than tangential movement, surfaces can lose contact in each cycle. The result can be a devastating, hammering effect, impact fatigue. Though all these effects can be reduced with carbon graphite.

Similar to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), the structure of carbon graphite is also one of a layered lattice, a hexagonal form with strong covalent bonds. In a normal air atmosphere condition, where metal fasteners are similar material, lubrication can be exceptional. (When nut and bolt are dissimilar metal, an electrical potential exists; consequently, MoS2 or WS2 are better suited. Since graphite can be associated with stimulating galvanic corrosion.)

So, next time you experience failure of your fasteners. First, check for lubrication. And the next time you design with nuts and bolts, do not forget the lubrication. Benefits are many using graphite low friction coatings.

Want more information? Need help with your surface engineering? Stop searching. Start finding.

Graphite

William Gunnar, degreed scientist, researcher, engineer, and friend, has helped thousands of 'best of class' product designers and equipment manufacturers -- for nearly 20 years now -- surface engineer with coatings for success.

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New Energy Scheme - Collecting Lightning Bolts!

The other day someone asked me a very good questions, namely; "Why don't we collect and harvest all the energy from lightning to power up our civilizations?" And he indicated he also wondered how come no one has ever invented such a thing or come up with a way to store it. Well, his comments could not have been timelier for me, as I just got done re-reading a book about Nikola Tesla, who had observed lightning storms from above the clouds from the Front Range in Colorado, and wrote into his journal about the blue glow above. He wanted to find a way to harvest that energy!

With regards to the storing of Lightning Energy, it's hard to say why no one has done this, it's not that difficult, and engineering such a system would be rather easy. For instance large lightning rods in known areas where lightning is common could be placed. These lightning rods could be used to force a piston pushing pressure into an underground tank. Then the pressure could be let out to spin a turbine to make power.

It's a no brainer, all we lack is will, some funding, and the risk to "go for it" - so maybe the reason we have not done something like this is because "humans have no vision" and are risk-adverse and have weak personal character. We know how to make lightning, in fact the US Military researchers are working on it as a weapon, "force multiplier" - "Owning the Weather by 2025" stuff.

About 7 years ago, I came up with a system which could generate lightning pulses inside a large stadium or building to test the concept, and it could generate power that way also. I have the sketches of that too somewhere around here. I've been quite fascinated with the blue energy balls on top of thunder clouds which form, as they generate a bolt of lightning below. It's very powerful, but not like most other visible energy we see on Earth. And as I mentioned, Tesla noted this in his journals, there was a chapter on this in one of the biographies I read.

Just the other day there was an article from NASA, which discussed their satellite work, watching thunder clouds from above as what they believe to be anti-matter was formed, and you can look that up online to - anyway, I asked my acquaintance to tell me his thoughts on how he believed we might engineer a lightning bolt energy collection device?

You see, we are talking abundant energy, very powerful, and very useful, best of all it can be used everywhere, and for any space colony with a gaseous atmosphere, lots of uses indeed. Let's talk about that, shall we? Indeed, if you, the reader of this article, has similar ideas on how to harvest this energy, then please shoot me an email at your earliest convenience. Please think on this.

Lance Winslow is a retired Founder of a Nationwide Franchise Chain, and now runs the Online Think Tank. Lance Winslow believes writing 22,000 articles was a lot of work - because all the letters on his keyboard are now worn off..

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The Nuts and Bolts of the Screw

In previous articles we've discussed types and grades of stainless steel and special alloys such as A286, Inconel, Monel, MP35N, Invar 36, and others. However, it's only when these materials get made into useful products that their value becomes evident.

The lynch pin of products is that of the fastener, for without fasteners everything would of course fall apart. The most basic of all fasteners is likely the simple but invaluable screw. From the humble beginnings of the screw, has arisen an impressive variety of fasteners meeting the needs of today's petroleum, medical, aerospace, energy, and computer industries.

A short history of the screw: It is often said that necessity is the mother of invention. Well a Greek named Archimedes needed a better way to pump water. He produced what was a giant screw inside a hollow tube. When turned, "the screw" would draw water up.

The basic shape proved to be very functional and by the first century people were soon employing hand-made wooden screws in the workings of presses for wine and olives. Unfortunately, like snowflakes, no two screws were alike. This limited the screw's usefulness for the time being. However, the Industrial Revolution saw mass and standard production. Additionally, the transition of screws from wood to metal completed the process of making fasteners a mainstay in the pursuit of manufacturing advances. By the late 18th century the world saw fasteners with strength and consistency of production.

Now, what makes a screw a screw (and not a bolt)? First, it has a spiral threading around a shank. Next, the head of the screw is typically wider than the shank. Screws are typically tapered and self-threading whereas a bolt is tightened or released by torquing a nut and usually isn't pointed or even tapered at all.

Huge Variety: Some of the basic categories of screws and fasteners include machine screws, cap screws, tapping screws, nuts, bolts, flat washers, locking washers, and pins. Within those categories, the combination of options and material type (e.g. stainless steel), make the total number of unique products almost endless.

As an example, the basic cap screw is available with a number of heads, including, button head, hex head, socket head, flat socket head and Torx drive. There are a variety of widths and diameters. The product can be made to meet certain specifications (ASTM, ANSI, AISI, AN, MS, NAS, NASM). Finally, it can consist of various metals, stainless steel, or other special alloy materials such as 18-8, A286, Monel, or Alloy 20 to list just a few (see the Ocean State Stainless stock item web page for just a small sampling of what is typically stocked and available). Top off with lines of commercial grades such as 302, 303, 304 and 316 stainless and there become too many variations to list.

Innovation: We'll see innovation surrounding this simple yet vital fastener continue to be pushed as the precision requirements of high-tech industries, such as aerospace and medicine, demand more strength and versatility.

Today's high-end fasteners are often made from special materials, such as A286 (a favorite of the aerospace industry) Inconel 600, 625, 718 and various other exotic metals. In tomorrow world, we are likely to see refinements and possibly even a whole new generation of alloys.

Ocean State Stainless has been in business for over 30 years. With over 50,000 items in stock, we probably have what you need on hand. But if we don't, we can manufacture it to your specifications. We can take care of stocking programs, vendor managed inventory and more.

Visit our website at OSStainless.com for more insights and information.

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Are Nuts and Bolts Engineered Incorrectly for Human Anatomy and Dexterity? Redesign is Over Due

The other day, I was having a conversation with myself about all the tools I needed to work on my car and to build the new railings on my back patio deck. Okay, let me kick off a concept here; here is a thought I had recently: are Nuts and Bolts properly engineered for humans, and do these fasteners and hardware take into consideration Human Anatomy and Dexterity? The answer is NO, and this, perhaps a complete redesign is now overdue. Why you ask, because we have better materials and more know how that's why. And nuts and bolts have been used for centuries, how about an upgrade people?

It seems that if we use nuts and bolts, then we have to lug around tools, but that is not always possible and the added weight is often a problem too. Consider for instance in the military, an army is subject to logistics, perhaps by air, so you just cannot tote around "tons of pounds" of tools everywhere. And if one were in an off world colony, you could do that either. I mean think about the cost per pound to get something into orbit - it's like $5,000 per pound. No wonder they want astronauts to lose weight?

And, recently I was talking to an acquaintance who runs a pool company - he does repairs on pools and spas, and I said to him; "think of your own business, you have to take a tool box with you will all sorts of tools? But why? What if the fasteners, nuts, bolts, cables, clamps, etc, - could be tightened, removed, installed without tools? Why not?"

You see the Germans in WWII with their Messerschmitt 262s were able to remove and replace the jet engine in a couple of hours, because they made everything much easier. And speaking of aviation, I was helping a friend of mine do his annual inspection and we unloosened all the check points, my gosh it took forever and a day, and it took tools, but way, just to open up inspection holes so an airframe and power plant aircraft mechanic could look in for a second or two?

Not only does it make sense for those types of things but, this would save time hunting for the right tool, save cost in buying all those tools, and for the backs of our workforce carrying tool boxes around just to work on small items, especially my friend the pool guy who works on pumps and equipment all day. Why not have attachment points with mini-levers which self-tightened or loosened when you used your hand to get them started?

Zeus Fasteners are one type solution, but someone needs to come up with a better concept, this is why I've pushed forth to have our think tank think on this.

Lance Winslow is the Founder of the Online Think Tank, a diverse group of achievers, experts, innovators, entrepreneurs, thinkers, futurists, academics, dreamers, leaders, and general all around brilliant minds. Lance Winslow hopes you've enjoyed today's discussion and topic. http://www.WorldThinkTank.net - Have an important subject to discuss, contact Lance Winslow.

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Nuts and Bolts of Performance Testing

Performance Testing was always a part of Software Testing whether explicitly stated or not. The world of software testing is becoming smarter and mature. With the changing landscape of Computing and a paradigm Industry wise shift towards SOA/web based applications has brought a forefront focus on Performance Testing and the expectations saught from this kind of testing are measurable numbers. I have tried to extract the entire essence in terms of minimal words which could serve the purpose to cut-short the learning time. Performance Testing is about to measure the performance of an application under test whether the application is an embedded, desktop or a distributed enterprise application. However, these are the enterprise based applications/architectures where lies the prime focus of performance testing. Expectations saught from AUT is to measure the performance numbers and ensuring that it conforms to the expectations.

Goals of Performance Testing The business goal of performance testing is to measure the application performance and ensure that the numbers conform to the Service Level Agreements. Goals can be internal (if the application is an in house project), or external (when the SLA's define the objectives). External Goals: Conforming to the Service Level Agreements (SLA's). The SLA's at the highest level consists of the following parameters (whether or not explicitly stated). Application Response time. Application throughput. Maximum number of concurrent users Resource utilization in terms of various performance counters for example: CPU, RAM, network I/O, and disk I/O. Soak Tests1 under varied workload patterns including normal load conditions, excessive load conditions, and conditions in between. This can include increase in the number of users, amount of data and so on.

Internal Goals: Application Crash. The application crash translates into a condition where the application either hangs or stops responding to requests. Some of the symptoms of breaking point include 503 errors with a "Server Too Busy" message, and errors in the application event log that indicate that the ASPNET worker process recycled because of potential deadlocks. Symptoms and causes of application failure under stress conditions. Recoverability options, whether the application recovers after a crash or not.

Soak Testing is about measuring application performance over long periods of test run typically one would expect in a real production/live environment.

More importantly to ensure that there is no data loss when the application crashes and application recovers gracefully. Known issues/bugs in the AUT.

Performance Objectives Most of the performance tests depend on a set of predefined, documented, and agreed-upon performance objectives. Knowing the objectives from the beginning helps make the testing process more efficient. You can evaluate your application's performance by comparing it with your performance objectives. One should by all means just run Ad-hoc tests randomly without any specific objectives (Old Principle: how many bugs were discovered just by executing the test cases).

As a thumb of rule, following are the performance expectations from the Application Under Test

I. Application Response Time: This is the most fundamental parameter which ideally is the second nature of the performance tester. Application Response time is the amount of time taken to respond to a request. You can measure response time at the server or client as follows: II. Response Time at the server. This is the time taken by the server to

complete the execution of a request. This does not include the client-to-server latency, which includes additional time for the request and response to cross the network. III. Response Time at the client. The latency measured at the client includes the request queue, plus the time taken by the server to complete the execution of the request and the network latency. You can measure the latency in various ways. Two common approaches are time taken by the first byte to reach the client (time to first byte, TTFB), or the time taken by the last byte of the response to reach the client (time to last byte, TTLB). Generally, you should test this using various network bandwidths between the client and the server.

By measuring latency, you can gauge whether your application takes too long to respond to client requests. 1. Application Throughput Throughput is the number of requests that can be served by Application Under Test per unit time. It is measured in terms of transactions per second or orders per second. The throughput varies largely due to the type of load applied, volume of load applied etc. The various examples include credit card transactions, the number of concurrent users, volumes of downloads and so on. A larger parameter however in this case also happens to be the network connection. For example, in terms of numbers lets say, there are 1000 users with an average page request data of 5k for every 5 minutes. The throughput would be = 1,000 x (5x1024x8) / (5 x 60)

Abhinav Vaid

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Stopping a Dog Who Bolts

You open your front door to leave and your dog takes off, running like the wind.

It's a scary occurrence if you own a dog who bolts like this, especially if you live in a busy urban neighborhood and your dog doesn't know the first thing about crosswalks or stop lights. He just takes off.

While there isn't really a cause for this type of behavior, there are some things you can do to try and get your dog to behave when the door is open. But, before we talk about fixing the behavior, let's discuss what you should do if your dog makes a run for it when the door opens.

If your dog runs, you don't want to go racing after him screaming. Yes, it's counter-intuitive, but chasing and screaming just increases the anxiety of the situation, making it more difficult for your dog to focus and more likely for him to just keep running. You have to keep him in sight, but you need to stay as calm as possible. Try and get his attention and have him come to you, instead of trying to grab him. Using a favorite toy or a ball for fetch can help, and getting down on one knee once you have your dog's attention can sometimes encourage him to come to you.

When you do catch up to him, do not punish him. Running was the misdeed, coming to you is the good thing, so you have to tell him what a good boy he is when you finally get a hold of him, even though you probably feel more like strangling him if he's given you a good scare. If you punish him, you're telling him he should have kept running. Instead, just take a moment and pet him and praise him, calming both him and you before you lead him home.

The best way to handle this, though, is to make sure your dog doesn't bolt in the first place. Start by working on your dog's behavior at the door. He shouldn't be leaving through an open door unless he is told to do so, and you can work on this with the 'Sit' command. Teach him that when the door opens, he sits well back from the opening. Working with a helper, one of you can put your dog on lead while the other one operates the door. The person operating the door needs to give the commands and praise while the person holding the lead makes sure that the dog does what he's supposed to do. Open the door and say 'Sit' at the same time. Praise him and treat him. Close the door and tell him to 'Come'. Then do it again.

After doing this for a few sessions, start opening the door only without saying 'Sit', with the door opening taking the place of the command.

Also, you may want to get a whistle or bell that your dog can hear above other noises, and start using that interchangeably with the 'Come' command. This will give you another tool to use should he get loose and you aren't able to get his attention.

Work on this a little each day, and soon your dog will only run through the door when he's following you on lead.

Lee Strayer has worked with thousands of rescue dogs as head trainer with AdoptALab.org at http://www.adoptalab.org, a not-for-profit Labrador retriever (and other breeds, too!) rescue organization founded by his wife, Patty. Sign up here for our free newsletters on dog training, rescue and more: http://www.adoptalab.org/?FORM=NEWSLETTER

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Cremone Bolts And Their Uses

You may not be familiar with Cremone Bolts, also known as cremone locks, but they are a common form of antique hardware used on windows and doors. If you have a vintage home, apartment building, office building or a public building, you will want to become familiar with Cremone Bolts in order to preserve the vintage look of your period building.

What Happens Behind The Scenes

Cremone Bolts are a decorative type of locking mechanism used close a window that swings out or even French doors. The cremone lock is the type of lock that has a handle or a knob that you turn in order to unlatch the window or open the door. There is an outer covering to the cremone lock in order to hide its workings from view. Inside the cover of the cremone bolt set is a gear system that slides up and down when the knob is turned. Attached to the top and bottom of the gears are round slender bars. The bars in the cremone bolt set are what are used to actually lock the window or fasten the door, and the bars go inside the door or the window sash at the bottom.

Uses And Styles For The Cremone Lock

Cremone locks are widely used in historic homes and buildings as a period means for window closing. Medicine cabinets also often use cremone locks as well. A sturdy cremone bolt set offers the perfect means for keeping French doors closed. As you look around your vintage building you may see that the cremone lock is used in other places as well. This is why replacement cremone locks are so important to find, in order to keep the look of your home appropriate to its era and style.

Some of the locks are finished in silver or gold tones. Brass is also a popular look as well. There are some very elaborate old bronze bolt sets available that have swirling carving and floral designs fashioned upon them, which will finish your windows and cabinet doors so beautifully that you will not want to use any window coverings to hide them from view.

The knobs also vary in appearance. They might be oval, a common shape used. Some of the knobs are fashioned with a central pivot point like the oval ones, but then extended longer pieces are added, making the knob larger and thus easier to turn.

Because there are so many of these gorgeous antique bolts available, it is best to visit an architectural salvage website in order to see them for yourself if you need to match some in your home, or to add class with a new set for your windows, cabinets or doors.

In this article Jonathon Blocker writes about

Cremone Bolts and

cremone lock

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Concrete Quick Bolts

Concrete is one of the strongest compound in the planet. It is made up from different components mixed together and allowed to dry to form a material that is so solid, it is trusted by builders all over the world and they use it to create massive buildings as well as small structures; roads and highways that leads to the far reaches of the planet and any structure that needs some sturdy stuff to be built with. I am also ninety nine point nine percent sure that your house is either made up of concrete or has concrete in it in some parts. It is a widely used material in the planet, one of the most common, as a matter of fact. A solid concrete is very tough and durable and could withstand the tests of time and weather.

In building houses, concrete is also widely used. This is because this material is tough enough to last a long time and when we are speaking about homes, we need the toughest materials ever. And most of the time, concrete is paired up or mixed up with other materials like wood and steel. Concrete need steel wires, thick steel cables that helps it stand erect or give it a straight figure. Wood on the other hand is a traditional building material. Most people prefer to have it mixed with concrete because the aesthetic looks a and feel of wooden materials could not be duplicated by pure concrete. Now, you can't simply stick the wood directly to the concrete wall. Gluing it is not a good idea as well as nailing it. You would only chip the concrete or destroy the nail. The best method is to use concrete quick bolts. These are steel pieces that goes together to form a tight bolt.

First, you have to drill it down the concrete and the wood itself. Then place screw it down with the bolt tightly together. This way, you are not damaging anything. This is the only method of sticking wood and concrete together. This is very useful if you have wooden parts in your house that needs to be attached on concrete. All you have to do is either use a special type of nail called "concrete nails". However, though it is the easiest method of doing so, it is also the most ineffective because after a while, the driven nail may loosen and like what I've said earlier, leave chips and holes on the concrete. Quick bolts on the other hand are pre-drilled. You first drill the hole and stick the bolt through the wood and concrete and voila! You have attached the wood to it. It's that easy. If you don't have a drill, you could borrow one or rent one from the store.

So the next time you need to attach together wood and concrete, you know what to use. Concrete quick bolts are your best bet.

Do you need proper concrete expansion joints or some concrete repair?
Visit us now to learn all about concrete.

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Missed by a Lightning Bolt - The Day I Went In Search of Usain Bolt's Family Home in Jamaica

My brother and I were feeling nostalgic for that old time Jamaica we knew as youngsters, so we decided to go for a drive in the countryside, up in the hills South of Silver Sands. For such an expedition the best man to enlist would have to be Michael Stewart, one of the more popular drivers in the Mysilversands fleet, as he lives in the "bush" up beyond the Alps in South Trelawny.

Not wanting to wander aimlessly through the lush verdant countryside, we decided to fix a purpose to our country drive. Over many years, I often passed through Sherwood Content and through Coxeath on my way to and from Windsor House, where the single lane road ends and the Cockpit Country truly begins. At that time, I did not know that there was a youth living in Coxeath who would one day break the World record for 100 metres and 200 metres, winning Olympic Gold and becoming one of the most famous people on the planet.

So, not having been there for more than ten years, that Sunday in September 2010, at about 5:00 PM we set out from Silver Sands Jamaica for that tiny sleepy district just South of Sherwood Content hoping to find the house where Usain Bolt spent his childhood days.

After five minutes, we passed through Duncans and headed up into the interior to Clarke's Town. Soon we were ascending corkscrew bumpy roads, enjoying wonderful views of the valley and distant hills. Fifteen minutes later, we took the right turn at Kinloss and ten minutes later we entered Duanvale, only a five minute drive from Sherwood Content.

Sherwood Content, with a matchbox post office at the centre, had not changed much at all and as usual there was hardly anyone around. Just when I was thinking how deserted the roads were and that we had not seen another vehicle for miles, a big white BMW suddenly appeared out of nowhere from the opposite direction, and somehow that narrow road expanded to accommodate it and Michael's bus as it went by.

A few hundred yards further along we decided to stop and ask a group of people walking along the road if they could tell us where we could find Usain Bolt's home. A young man in football kit, said with a surprising tone in Jamaican patois, "Den yuh nuh see him jus pass yuh on de road?" (English translation being, "Didn't you see him just drive past you?")

What a coincidence! And for a brief moment I thought we should turn around to catch up with him, but immediately abandoned that idea as there was no way Michael's bus would catch that BMW. The footballer told us that the house was a few hundred yards further along on the road to Windsor Caves, so we motored on. When we felt we were close to where the house would be, we stopped beside an old farmer with long dreadlocks to ask directions again. He repeated that we had just missed Usain Bolt and gave us further directions.

Sure enough, just a few hundred yards along we came upon the house which the dreadlocked farmer had told us would be easy to find as a high perimeter wall with lights on the columns and a huge iron electric gate was recently constructed. I took some photos so I could prove to my disbelieving friends that I did go to Coxeath to find Usain Bolt's family home.

As we drove back to the coast via the Martha Brae River with the setting sun decorating the sky in continuously changing warm tones, I thought I must be more of an admirer of Usain Bolt than I had realized. I wondered how many people would make this forty-five minute journey from Silver Sands Jamaica to see a fairly ordinary house in a small country village. Would you?

Prem Chadeesingh is an authority on vacation rentals in Jamaica. He writes for Mysilversands, a company dedicated to providing quality accommodation in Jamaica villas, cottages, and apartments by the sea. Prem lived at Silver Sands Jamaica for over seven years. He holds a BASc degree in Industrial Engineering from the University of Toronto and an MBA in International Business from City University of New York.

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Elevator Bolts - The Pieces to Put Them Together

Unsure with the power of elevator bolts?

A great structure often relies on the littlest things for it to hold together. No matter how big or sturdy things are, it's the bolts that keep them intact. It takes just a single bolt for a machine to not work efficiently and a single bolt to make a disastrous malfunction. Imagine how much money will be lost in just one accident causing error. So before you purchase elevators from suppliers, make sure they would come in complete with all the bolts necessary.

Elevator bolts come in different sizes and uses. Some of them are used in the conveyor belt and some on the structure of the lift itself. They generally have flat heads and sizes can range from 3 to 6 inches in length. Some can come with other variations like fangs and eyes, if you need to be certain of what it looks like, you can check it out on the web for you to be sure if these are the bolts you are looking for.

Learn more about these elevator bolts if you plan on purchasing them. Make sure you know which is fit for your choice as these bolts may have different values on durability, safety, easy of use and properties. Types vary according to their make, which is also a determinant whether it would wear out or acquire rust easily. Make sure you buy those that would last longer for efficiency.

Shopping for these bolts would need expert guidance or at least someone knowledgeable of the business. To save you from the hassle of buying flawed material, make sure you are purchasing from a trusted supplier. People would be using elevators so you have to be sure you wouldn't be risking their lives or slow down the work process of the building.

If you want to find out more about elevator bolts deals online, you can check out the site to give you additional information. Erika Ayala is a writer for the web. When she's not spending her time writing about helpful reviews, she spends it writing about where to find the best Dead Sea Salt products.

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Panic Bolts - Emergency Exits Made Safe, Easy & Convenient

In any establishment, fire exits that are safely locked on normal days, yet easy to open in the case of emergencies is vastly essential. Thankfully, gone are the days of using a "glass breakable" tool which is at often times unsafe especially when accidentally opened by children. Nowadays, the use of ceramic panic bolts is becoming more and more widespread.

The panic bolt also called the panic bar is a tube that covers an emergency exit door from the interior. The two main functions of a panic bolt are first, to make sure that an exit in an emergency situation, in particular fires and earthquakes are easy - usually with a built in mechanism of "break in case of emergency" to open the door to a safe exit. Second, to make sure that while breaking out is easy, breaking in through the door would be pretty much impossible since the breaking mechanism comes from the interior. Panic bolts are then particularly helpful in power outages in which residents of an establishment will need to use the stairways to safely vacate the premises.

There are several factors that make a panic bolt more applicable and convenient for use in establishment's emergency exits. First of all, it is quite easy to break. Supplied with its own hammer and chain, the ceramic tube that keeps the lock secured makes sure that in any emergency situation, vacating the premises via the emergency exit isn't a problem at all. The "ball tipped" hammer is designed to break the tube with a reasonable amount of force. Secondly, since the tube is now ceramic wherein in the past, they would have used glass it is now safer especially for use in areas where there is food and small children liable to swallow the tiny shards such as in classrooms and school cafeterias. Third and lastly, the ceramic tube is easily replaced with refills. Thus, even if a devious pranker breaks the tube on a normal day unnoticed, the cost of buying a new ceramic tube for your panic bolts is relatively small.

In choosing the right panic bolt for your establishment, it would be a good idea to consult with the local fire stations and emergency authorities. (In your compliance to The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO) ratified in 2006) The main thing here to note of is that like the namesake of the device, when people are in a disaster situation they tend to PANIC. Thus, you want a good enough quality of a panic bolt that makes it convenient enough for people to figure out how to open the emergency exit door even in the midst of clouded judgment and hurried thinking.

It conclusion, it can be said that installation of emergency doors with panic bolts isn't the first thing on everyone's heads when it comes to safety measures, but in truth it proves itself quite essential, cost effective and adds significantly more security and peace of mind. This is most true, particularly in situations that calls for emergencies that require residents of an establishment to vacate the premises.

For more information about panic bolts please visit: http://www.fireprotectiononline.co.uk/fire-exit-security/

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Machine Screws, Nuts and Bolts - Basic Hardware Items to Power Your Industry

SCREWS, BOLTS AND NUTS HOLD YOUR INDUSTRY TOGETHER!

Well, literally so. Bolts, nuts and screws are basic hardware items used in every industry in need of fasteners. From furniture crafting and manufacturing to building and construction, every industrial application needs to use these seemingly small but significantly important tools just to hold everything in place.

Screws, nuts and bolts are fasteners used to mechanically connect things together. A fastener may be defined as a mechanical device that holds two or more bodies in definite position with respect to each other. Ever since seeing the result of fastening an axle to a wheel, humans have been using fasteners to make lives easier. Most fasteners have threads as part of their design as can be seen in screws, nuts and bolts. Fasteners are produced primarily from ferrous metals such as carbon and alloy steels. Today they are available in brass, stainless steel, copper and. The process of making them involves rods, bars or wires which are cut to length and threaded. The process is called cold-forming. The modern fastener industry is indebted to Industrial Revolution and its many technological revolutions which invented and improved fasteners to keep everything connected and moving.

After a long bumpy ride involving the quality of materials and irregular standards of size and shape, today we have reached a stage where a nut from one company and a bolt from another can fit perfectly together. Today they come in standard and Metric sizes for specific applications to fulfill wide industry needs. Stronger, lighter and easy-to-use are some of the challenges the fastener industry is facing and successfully managing today. Laptop computers use these screws, nuts and bolts. Self-locking and self-sealing screws, nuts, bolts and threaded inserts have also become common now. The latest challenge today of course is to produce environment friendly fasteners which do not use carcinogenic plating such as cadmium.

Fasteners plus is an international level manufacturing company. Fasteners plus Manufacture various industrial products including nuts and bolts, machine screws Which is useful for many industry level products? To collect more information available by visiting: fastenersplusinc.com

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Fletching - Make Millions With Diamond Bolts

You may think of fletching as a production skill or just as an easy 99. With the method in this post, you will learn how you can make upwards of 750k gp an hour! The method is fairly simple. You will be making diamond bolts. The only requirements are 65 fletching and about?1M or so for starting cash. Here's what to do (in this example were going to use 1,000 bolts):

First buy 1,000 adamant bolts for 173 gold (this is the avg. price). You will also need to buy uncut diamonds. When you make diamond bolt tips, each diamond makes 12. So for 1,000 adamant bolts, you will need 84 uncut diamonds to make 1,000 bolts. Buy the diamonds for the lowest price possible and if they do not sell, keep rising the price until they do. In some instances, you may have to pay the max price for diamonds. If you do end up having to pay max for the diamonds don't worry, this just means that the diamond bolts will sell for max price as well. The diamond bolt's price always follows the diamond's price and vise versa.

You can cut and combine an average of 10k bolts an hour. At this price, that averages out to be a profit of just under 500k! And the best part about this is that you're making money, while also getting 100k fletching experience an hour. This example was when the market was average, so just imagine your profits when diamond bolts are in high demand! 750k-900k an hour is completely possible.

Check out our runescape blog full of tips and tricks to make you money at http://www.RunescapeMoneySecrets.com We look forward to seeing you there!

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